Alte religii

[latifa]

Azi dimineata am auzit ceva si am ramas socata.Mi-a spus cineva ca in siria,undeva pe langa Damasc(si poate nu numai acolo) exista o religie(de fapt nu cred ca se poate numi religie) in care oamenii nu au acces la cartea lor "de credinta" sau de legi pana la varsta de 40 de ani ,dar totusi trebuie sa respecte unele reguli,printre care sa se casatoreasca numai inttre ei,adica nu au voie sa se casatoreasca cu o persoana din alta religie,nici macar barbatii.Nu asta ar fi problema,dar ei pana la varsta de 40 de ani ,teoretic,nu stiu cine sunt,in ce sa creada,in cazul in care cred in ceva.Cine mi-a spus crede ca nici nu cred in Dumnezeu/Allah.Mi-a spus ca se numesc druzi.Eu sunt o persoana fffffffffff curioasa si am vrut sa plec imediat la biblioteca sa ma documentez,dar acest domn mi-a spus ca nu gasesc nimic despre ei,pt ca totul este secret si dupa cum am mai spus,nici ei nu stiu pana la 40 de ani si batranii nu au voie sa discute despre asa ceva si nici cartea lor nu este publica .Pe langa ca sunt f curioasa,mie mi se pare absurd,mai ales ca acel domn mi-a dat exemplu doi doctori nemaipomeniti care apartin acestei" religii".Pai acesti doctori care si-au dedicat tota viata cunoasterii cum pot sa traiasca fara sa stie cine sunt?(unul dintre ei stiu sigur ca nu a implinit 40 de ani)
POATE CINEVA SA MA LAMUREASCA SI PE MINE?
ADMIN,POATE TU STI MAI MULTE .

[gabriela guettat]

Latifa, draga de tine,asa e dar cu timpul ai sa inveti si tu,ca si mine, ca si noi celelalte(ceilalti),ca TREBUIE sa te inveti cu oameni asa cum sunt ei,daca putem sa ne facem intelesi de familiile noastre sa zicem alhamdulillah,deja e bine;tu cu inimioara ta mare ,buna si sincera crezi ca nu faci nici un rau,dar nu e vorba de tine iubita,e vorba de "LUME",care e rea;de ar gandi toti asa ca tine "la o simpla converstie" si atat ar fi excelent.
Genan,se vede ca ai scoala vietii..scrii, foarte bine.
Aiscia,si eu de multe ori am patit ca tine de intervi e rau;de taci e rau,asa sunt oameni..ce sa facem!
Amal,habipti"stim ca un barbat este diferit de o femeie din toate p.d.v.,dar problema intervine in exact punctul"diferenta"tu consideri ca este o relatie de "amicitie",dar el?
Barbati se "aprind repede" surioara, deci daca noua ni se spune sa tinem distanta in astfel de relatii este tocmai pentru "asta".
Admin,cuvinte simple ,directe si la subiect,"chapeau" !
O zi b una tuturor

[batool391]

Can you give me a brief idea about the beliefs of the Druze? What is the Islamic ruling concerning them?.


Answer :

Praise be to Allaah.

The Druze originated as a secret sect among the esoteric (baatini) groups that appear outwardly to be Muslim and who sometimes pretend to be religious, ascetic and pious. They make an outward show of false pride in religion, pretending to be various kinds of Shi’ahs, Sufis and lovers of Ahl al-Bayt (the family of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)). They claim to carry the banner of peace and reconciliation amongst people, and they talk about uniting people in order to deceive them and lead them astray from their religion. When the opportunity arises, when they become stronger and find supporters among the ruling classes, they show their true colours and proclaim their real beliefs and aims, and they start to promote evil and corruption, and try to destroy religious teachings, sound beliefs and morals.

This is clear to anyone who studies their history and follows their progress from the day the Jew ‘Abd-Allaah ibn Saba’ lay the foundations and planted the seed, a legacy which has been handed down from one generation to another, as they have tried hard to implement these principles, and this has continued until the present day.

Although the Druze are one of these esoteric groups, they have their own characteristics as regards their origins and the time when they emerged, and the circumstances which helped them to become established. We will mention some brief details concerning that and the rulings of the scholars concerning them.

1 – The Druze are named after Durzi, whose full name was Abu ‘Abd-Allaah Muhammad ibn Ismaa’eel al-Durzi. His name is also given as ‘Abd-Allaah al-Durzi and Durzi ibn Muhammad. It was said that Muhammad ibn Ismaa’eel al-Durzi was Tashtakeen or Hashtakeen al-Durzi. It was also said that they are named after Tayrooz, a city in Persia. Al-Zubaydi narrated that the correct form of the name is Darzi, based on the phrase “awlaad darzah” meaning those who are base and vile.

2 – Muhammad ibn Ismaa’eel al-Durzi appeared at the time of al-Haakim bi Amrihi, Abu ‘Ali al-Mansoor ibn al-‘Azeez, one of the ‘Ubaydi kings (known in the west as Fatimids) who ruled Egypt for nearly two hundred years and who falsely claimed to be descended from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) though Faatimah (may Allaah be pleased with her).

Muhammad ibn Ismaa’eel al-Durzi was originally a follower of the esoteric Ismaili sect who claim to be the followers of Muhammad ibn Isma’eel ibn Ja’far al-Saadiq. Then he left this group and contacted the ‘Ubaydi al-Haakim, approving of his claim to divinity, and he called the people to worship him alone. He claimed that God had become incarnate in ‘Ali ibn Abi Taalib, and that the soul of ‘Ali has migrated to his sons one after another, until it reached al-Haakim. Al-Haakim gave him authority in Egypt so that the people would obey him in his call. When his true intentions became clear, the Muslims in Egypt rebelled against him and killed some of his supporters. When they wanted to kill him, he escaped and fled to al-Haakim, who gave him some money and told him to go to Syria to spread his call there. So he went there and stopped in Waadi Taym-Allaah ibn Tha’labah, to the west of Damascus, where he called them to deify al-Haakim and spread the principles of the Druze among them, and distributed money to them, and they responded to his call.

Another man also spread the call of the deification of al-Haakim, a Persian man whose name was Hamzah ibn ‘Ali ibn Ahmad al-Haakimi al-Durzi, one of the leading baatinis. He had contacted the leaders of the secret call of al-Haakim’s party, and he called for his deification in secret until he became one of their main leaders. Then he proclaimed that openly and claimed that he was the messenger of al-Haakim, and al-Haakim supported him in that. When al-Haakim died and was succeeded by his son who was known as Al-Zaahir li I’zaaz Deen Allaah (the supporter of the religion of Allaah), and he disavowed himself of his father’s claim to divinity, this call was chased out of Egypt. Hamzah fled to Syria and was followed by some of those who had responded to his call. Most of them settled in the region that later came to be known as Jebel el Druze in Syria.

Their principles are as follows:

(a) Incarnation. They believe that Allaah was incarnated in ‘Ali (may Allaah be pleased with him), then in his sons after him, one after another, until He was incarnated in the Faatimid al-Haakim Abu ‘Ali al-Mansoor ibn al-‘Azeez. They believe that al-Haakim will return and that he disappears and reappears.

(b) Dissimulation (taqiyah) – i.e., hypocrisy and concealment. They do not tell anyone their real beliefs except those who are of their number. Indeed they do not disclose their secrets to anyone except those whom they trust from among their own group.

(c) Infallibility of their imams. They think that their imams are infallible and protected from sin. Indeed, they deified them and worshipped them instead of Allaah, as they did with al-Haakim.

(d) Esotericism (baatiniyyah). They claim that the texts of sharee’ah have an esoteric or secret meaning other than the apparent meaning. They based their heresy concerning the texts on this, and distorted the meanings of the reports, commands and prohibitions.

With regard to their heresy concerning the reports, they deny the perfect attributes of Allaah and they deny the Day of Resurrection with its reckoning and recompense of Paradise and Hell. They replaced that with something that they call the transmigration of souls, the belief that the soul of a person or animal moves, when he or it dies, to the body of another person or animal when he or it is born, to dwell therein being either blessed or tormented. They believe that the universe is eternal and is no more than wombs giving birth and the earth swallowing the bodies of the deceased (i.e., a never-ending cycle of birth and death). They do not believe in the angels or the message of the Prophets, and they follow the philosophers who followed their own whims and desires and the principles and theories of Aristotle.

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With regard to their heresy concerning the texts which stipulate commands and prohibitions, they distort them. They say that salaah (prayer) really means knowledge of their secrets, not the five daily prayers; siyaam (fasting) means concealing their secrets, not refraining from things that break the fast from dawn until sunset; and that Hajj (pilgrimage) means visiting the shaykhs whom they venerate. They regard immoral actions, both outward and inward, as permissible, and they allow marriage to daughters and mothers, and other kinds of tinkering with the texts and denying things that are clearly known to be the laws of Allaah that He has enjoined upon His slaves. Hence Abu Haamid al-Ghazaali and others said concerning them: outwardly their madhhab is Raafidi (Shi’ism) but inwardly it is pure kufr.

(e) Hypocrisy and deceit in their call. They make an outward display of being Shi’ah and of loving Ahl al-Bayt (the Prophet’s household) to those whom they call. When they respond to them, they call them to Shi’ism and openly criticize the Sahaabah and slander them. If they accept that then they disclose to them the alleged faults of ‘Ali and slander him. If they accept that, then they go on to slander the Prophets and say that they have secrets that go against the message to which they called their nations; they say that they were smart and devised new laws for their nations for them to achieve worldly interests, and so on.

Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah was asked about how the Druze and Nusairis should be judged. He replied:

These Druze and Nusairis are kaafirs, according to the consensus of the Muslims. It is not permissible to eat the meat they slaughter, or to marry their womenfolk. They do not agree to pay the jizyah, so they are apostates from the religion of Islam and are not Muslims, nor are they Jews or Christians. They do not agree that the five daily prayers are obligatory, or that fasting Ramadaan is obligatory, or that Hajj is obligatory. They do not regard as haraam that which Allaah and His Messenger have forbidden of dead meat or wine, etc. Even if they pronounce the Shahaadatayn, with these beliefs they are kaafirs according to the consensus of the Muslims. As for the Nusairis, they are the followers of Abu Shu’ayb Muhammad ibn Naseer, who was one of the extremists who say that ‘Ali is a god, and they recite these words:

“I bear witness that there is no god except Haidar [i.e., ‘Ali],

and no screen covering him except Muhammad, the honest and trustworthy one,

and there is no way to him except through Salmaan the all-powerful.”

Haidar is a title given to ‘Ali ibn Abi Taalib (may Allaah be pleased with him).

With regard to the Druze, the followers of Hashtakeen al-Durzi, who was one of the freed slaves of al-Haakim whom he sent to the people of Wadi Taym-Allaah ibn Tha’labah and he called them to believe in the divinity of al-Haakim and they call him “the creator, the all-knowing”, and swear by him, they are among the Ismailis who believe that Muhammad ibn Isma’eel abrogated the law of Muhammad ibn ‘Abd-Allaah. They are worse kaafirs than many other extremist groups. They believe that this universe has no creator and they deny the resurrection and the duties and prohibitions of Islam. They are among the esoteric Qarmatians (al-Qaraamitah) who are worse kaafirs than the Jews, Christians and mushrik Arabs. Basically they follow the philosophy of Aristotle and his ilk, or the Magians. Their ideas are a mixture of Magian philosophy but they make an outward, hypocritical display of being Shi’ah. And Allaah knows best.

Shaykh al-Islam also said, re~~~~~~~~~ing the ideas of some sects of Druze:

The fact that these groups are kaafirs is something concerning which there is no dispute among the Muslims. Rather whoever doubts that they are kaafirs is a kaafir like them. They do not have a status like that of the People of the Book or of the mushrikeen, rather they are misguided kaafirs and it is not permissible to eat their food, their women may be taken captive and their wealth may be confiscated. They are heretics and apostates whose repentance cannot be accepted, rather they should be killed wherever they are found, and they may be cursed because of what they are. It is not permissible to employ them as guards and gatekeepers. Their scholars and leaders must be killed, lest they lead others astray. It is haraam to sleep with them in their houses or to be friends with them, or to walk with them or to attend their funerals, if their death is announced. It is haraam for the Muslim authorities to neglect to carry out the hadd punishment that Allaah has enjoined by whatever means they see fit. And Allaah is the One Whose help we seek and in Whom we put our trust.

From the fatwas of the Standing Committee for Academic Research and Issuing Fatwas.


Majallat al-Buhooth al-Islamiyyah, 36/85-89. (www.islam-qa.com)

[batool391]

- Druz?... Ce-nseamna druz?
- Druzii sint un neam asemanator cu arabii, dar care nu sint arabi suta la suta. Fiind insa singurii neevrei admisi in armata israeliana, ei sint ,,cei mai simpatici arabi".
In dictionarele romanesti, inclusiv in cel enciclopedic, cuvintul "druz" nu exista. Aflu insa din alte surse ca druzii sint urmasii unei secte religioase - cam extremiste, ce-i drept, dar si mult prigonite - care s-a desprins din islam in secolul al XI-lea. Au format prima lor comunitate in sudul Libanului si, cu timpul, s-au raspindit si in sudul Siriei, precum si in Iordania, pe platoul de la picioarele masivului vulcanic Druz.
Unii au ajuns si pe actualul teritoriu al Israelului. Cele mai cunoscute asezari sint satele de pe Carmel, Daliat el Karmel si Isfiya, infiintate in secolul al XVII-lea. Mai dainuie din acea vreme urmele unor case, niste cisterne de apa si prese de struguri - ultimele spre a aminti, parca, de vechimea vinului de Carmel...
In Israel sint astazi cam 50.000 de druzi.
Ce se mai stie despre druzi? Nu multe, fiindca druzii sint, mai degraba, tacuti in relatiile cu altii. Au limba lor, religia lor, obiceiurile lor. A nu fi druz si a fi primit in casa unui druz este cea mai mare favoare ce se poate acorda unui strain. In rest, totul e mister. Printre putinele lucruri care au ajuns sa fie cunoscute este povestea unei fete care s-a culcat cu un barbat inainte sa se marite si care a fost pedepsita dupa legile aspre ale sectei: fratii ei au infasurat-o intr-un covor, au asezat-o in mijlocul drumului si au trecut peste ea cu rotile masinii. Dupa ce au ucis-o, au plins la capul ei, ingropind-o cu tot ritualul.
Statul israelian le respecta obiceiurile. Le-a acordat in mod oficial statutul de comunitate cu autoguvernare religioasa, respectiv cu propriii lor conducatori spirituali, cu propriile lor tribunale religioase. Iar druzii, la rindul lor, sint printre cei mai buni soldati israelieni.

[batool391]

MEANING OF THE DRUZE STAR

The Druze star symbolizes the five wise superior ministers, each with his quality. Green is for "the mind", 'al-'akl, which is necessary for understanding the truth. Red is for "the soul", 'an-nafs. Yellow is for "the word", 'al-kalima, which is the purest form of expression of the truth. Blue, 'as-sabik, is for the mental power of the will. White, 'al-tali, is the realization of Blue, in which its power has been realized in the world of matter.

ORGANIZATION OF THE DRUZE COMMUNITY

The hikma is known only to an elite of religiously trained men, the uqqal. Most Druze know only parts of their religion's theology, and they are referred to as juhhal, "ignorants." One out of 50 members of the uqqal, reach as high as perfection, and are called 'ajawid, 'noble', and work as the real leaders of the Druze religion.
The uqqal take care of the religion for the juhhal, and they alone attend the religious meetings taking place on the night between Thursday and Friday, in ordinary buildings in the outskirts of Druze villages. For the Druze, the centre of religious activities is located to the mountainous region called Jabalu d-Duruz in Syria.
The juhhal perform few of the typical Muslim rituals, prayer is not performed in mosques, a fast is not performed during the Muslim month of Ramadan, and there are no obligations to perform the hajj, the Muslim pilgrimage.

LIFE STYLES

The Druze follow a life style of isolation in which no conversion is allowed, neither out of, or into, the religion. When Druze live among people of other religions, they try to blend in, in order to protect their religion and their own safety. They can perform prayer as Muslims, or as Christians, depending on where they are.
This system is apparently changing in modern times, where more security has allowed Druze to be more open about their religious identity.
Druze have earlier been reported to practice polygamy. But there is no evidence of such a practice among Druze today.
Druze abstain from wine and tobacco. There are clear prohibitions against a number of other acts, too.
Druze have a strong community feeling, in which they identify themselves as related even across borders of countries.
There are sources suggesting that the Druze had their own identity even before conversion to the faith in al-Hakim. Unsubstantiated theories point in a direction of the Druze being descendants of Persian colonists, while another theory says they are descendants of Christians from the time of the crusades. The latter is not very likely, due to the fact that the first crusade took place 80 years after al-Hakim's disappearance.
Despite their practice of blending with dominant groups in order to avoid persecution, the Druze have had a history of brave resistance to occupying powers, and they have at times enjoyed more freedom than most other groups living in the Levant.

HISTORY

[batool391]

017: The religion is established in Cairo. The religious orientation gets its name from one of the earliest followers of Caliph al-Hakim, Muhammadu d-Darazi. It is believed that it spread to many regions in the Middle East and North Africa, but that it is only the Druze that kept it up.
1516: The Druze come under Turkish pressure as the Levant is conquered by the Ottomans. The Druze offer strong opposition, and keep a higher level of independence than their neighbours.
1918: Druze participate in the army of Faisal, thereby breaking a principle of non-participation outside their own community.
1921 March 4: The Druze are granted autonomy in the region of Jabalu d-Duruz, from the League of Nations.
1925: The Druze revolt, when Druze leaders protest against the liberalization of the society as promoted by the French governor of Duruz Mountains. The revolt ends with the arrest of the Druze leaders, and their being exiled to Palmyra.
1927: The Druze revolt is over, and the French begin a politics that is intended to keep the Druze away from Arab nationalism, and hence dependent upon the safety offered by the French.

[batool391]

http://www.druzestudies.org/
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/...ure/druze.html
http://www.europeandruzesociety.com/

[batool391]

Prominent Druze figures

* Fakhreddin II (1588 - 1635), descendant of the Ma'an Dynasty, ruled at its height what is now Lebanon, part of Syria, Israel and even part of Turkey.
* L'Emir Magid Arslan was the leader of the independence of Lebanon in 1943 when the president Bechara el Khoury with fellow ministers were taken to prison to rachaya by the French. His sons L'Emir Faysal Arslan and L'emir Talal Arslan fought democratically each other to gain seat in the Lebanese Parliament but L'Emir Talal Arslan won the seat because of Syria's influence over Lebanon during the Lebanese elections in 1992.
* Kamal Jumblatt was founder of the Lebanese Progressive Socialist Party in the mid-20th century, and a major thinker and philosopher; his son Walid Jumblatt remains prominent in Lebanese politics.
* In Israel, Salah Tarif (a former captain in the paratrooper and the tank divisions of the Israeli Army) has been a Knesset member since 1992. He has served as the Deputy Speaker and the Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs, and was appointed Minister Without Portfolio in the Sharon government of 2001. Other notable figures include Ayoob Kara, a Druze Knesset member of the Likud party, and Colonel Imad Fares, the acclaimed commander of the Givati Brigade from 2001–2003. Major General Hussain Fares is the commander of the Israel Border Police. Azzam Azzam was accused of spying for Israel by Egypt, and jailed there for 8 years, before being released in late 2004.
* Famous musician Farid Al Atrache, born in Syria (Jabal Al Druze) to Prince Farhan Atrash brother of Sultan Basha Al Atrash. He moved to Egypt with his mother, brother and sister Asmahan who was also a famous singer. He composed hundreds of songs and acted in many movies. He revived the Eastern musical traditions with such pieces as Lahn Al Khulud and the Rabeeh Opera.
* Radio announcer Casey Kasem, born Kamal Amin Kasem to Lebanese Druze immigrants to the U.S., is probably that country's most well-known figure of Druze heritage. About 20,000 Druze live in the United States.
* Sultan Basha Elatrash: leader of the revolution against the French occupation of Lebanon and Syria in the 1920's. He is viewed by many Druze, as well as many non-Druze Arabs, as a symbol of courage and defiance to outside influence and occupation.[citation needed]
* Massari: named after the Arabic word for money, was born in Lebanon and has remarked that he is half Druze, half Catholic.[citation needed]